An analysis of 101 peer-reviewed articles reveals that information literacy is taking new directions and entails more dimensions than has been envisaged before. First, a new model, called "5Ps", was proposed to analyze the new directions of information literacy. The 5Ps model reveals that information literacy is moving from an information seeking approach to an information producing approach, which calls for higher-order thinking skills. Then, a framework, called "the multidimensional framework", was developed to present the key themes and elements that are essential to gain an understanding of information literacy in the 21st century.
